In some ways it can be considered that the CSG industry does not face a water problem, as this has inherent value to society, but rather has a “salt issue” to solve. The resultant brine is also of importance as ultimately it also has to be dealt with in an economical manner. Consequently, there is a need to implement various water treatment strategies to purify the associated water to comply with Queensland’s strict guidelines and to mitigate environmental risks. This associated water could be a valuable resource, however, the associated water comprises of various salt constituents that make it problematic for beneficial use. During the gas extraction process, significant volumes of associated water are also produced. CSG is a natural gas composed primarily of methane and is found trapped underground in coal beds. Lower impact in LMW (6% removal by UF, 1% removal by DMF) and humics (removals of 8% by UF and 2% by DMF) was observed.Ĭoal seam gas (CSG) is a growing industry in Queensland and represents a potential major employer and deliverer of financial prosperity for years to come. Biopolymers in raw seawater were partially removed by both pre-treatments tested (41% removal in UF permeate and 18% removal in DMF filtrate). LC-OCD analyses of the DAF + UF and DAF + DMF filtrates give a proportion among the constituents almost constant. Raw seawater shows very low dissolved organic matter content (DOC ≈ 0.9 mg C L− 1), and LC-OCD technique revealed that the DOC is mainly composed of humic compounds with size range of 0.3-10 kDa and low molecular weight (LMW) substances smaller than 0.3 kDa (47% each). UF, however, fulfills its purpose by securing almost 100% elimination of algal content while DMF demonstrates an average algae removal of only 60%. Both treatments successfully maintain the water turbidity to values < 0.1 NTU and SDI15 < 2. Results indicate that both processes exhibit a high elimination of particulate and microbial contaminants. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) followed by dual-media filter (DMF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane pre-treatments were run in parallel in a seawater desalination pilot plant in order to compare performances in terms of particles and dissolved organic matter removal.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |